The Strategic Marketing

Question: Talk about the Strategic Marketing ? Answer : Presentation Key showcasing assumes a critical job in the market achievement of any association. It is significant along these lines for any association particularly business associations to set up the correct structures to advance vital advertising in their associations. Vital showcasing is characterized the way toward distinguishing the key focal points that a business association has and dispensing the fundamental assets to enable the association to accomplish its targets. Along these lines, business associations should place a great deal of spotlight on vital advertising so as to enable their associations to accomplish high deals volumes and improve their piece of the overall industry (JanMarimuthu,2015). This report basically dissects the Oman Islamic financial paper to distinguish the key showcasing plans that are set up to present this totally new item in the market. The primary segment of the report contains an investigation of key advertising issues in the paper. A portion of these issue s incorporate the purchaser conduct of customers concerning the new Islamic financial model. Outline of the article The article talks about the key issues the new Islamic financial model is going to look in the Oman advertise. The initial segment of the paper talks about the manageability of the Islamic financial model. Enthusiasm for Islamic budgetary items expanded around the yaer2010 after the associations which were engaged with Islamic banking were seen as least influenced by the worldwide emergency of 2009. The buyer conduct towards this item is sure since there is a great deal of take-up of the thought among numerous Islamic nations particularly in the Middle East. The business is assessed to be commendable over $1,000billion. The future development capability of the business is extremely high as per Wigglesworth (2001). There is expanding nonessential pay among youthful buyers in Oman implies that the financial segment will have expanded interest for advances particularly from the young who are the lion's share in the nation. The Islamic financial framework hopes to confront firm rivalry f rom regular banks that plan to enter the market through the windows model. These banks as of now have a built up client base and in this way banks represent considerable authority in Islamic items will be off guard. Marking is required to be a region of concern particularly for traditional banks since they will have a ton of persuading to do particularly to clients who comprehend the working of Islamic banking. The new Islamic banks will situate themselves as being one of a kind in their activities and use of Sharia law in the financial framework. Vital job of showcasing in the contemporary point of view This paper will utilize the articles by Alharbi (2015) about improvement of Islamic banking and the article by Hussain and Shah (2014) about Islamic banking and Finance in India and Sri Lanka. This area fundamentally dissects the article on Islamic banking in Oman by looking into it with what the two friend explored diary s talk about. The promoting of new Islamic financial framework in Oman is done after careful and broad examination has been done on the items and the purchaser conduct of clients in the market. As per (JanMarimuthu, 2015).when building up a powerful showcasing technique for a business venture, the requirements of the buyers must be given most extreme need. This is on the grounds that clients are the primary motivation behind why the item is being presented in any case One of the significant jobs of advertising for a hierarchical is that it causes the association to recognize its upper hands (Alharbi, 2015). This is significant on the grounds that, it causes the association to know the zones that it is in front of its rivals in the market. The association would then be able to utilize the recognized upper hands to create items that are progressively receptive to the necessities of the clients. Distinguishing proof of the upper hands likewise encourages the organization to have practical experience in regions that it utilizes the base measure of assets to boost yield. From the article on presentation of Islamic banking in Oman, the upper hand that the new banks will appreciate is that of work in Islamic financial items just and thusly pull in clients who are not fulfilled by ordinary financial framework. The upper hand that the new framework is relied upon to appreciate and use to contend with clients might be subverted by the effectively settled or dinary banks and consequently making it hard for new organizations entering the business. Item situating is a significant factor examined in the Oman article. The new Islamic financial establishment in Oman will confront a test in situating themselves in the market. As indicated by (Hussain Shah, 2014) new Islamic establishments face a great deal of difficulties in situating itself in the market. One reason why this organizations think that its hard to situate themselves is that there exist numerous other money related foundations that are offering practically comparative items and administrations as the new Islamic financial establishments. The new Islamic financial foundations in Oman will likewise think that its hard to separate itself on cost. This is because of the way that Islamic financial framework doesn't permit loan costs in loaning and this diminishes the income of such money related establishments (Alharbi, 2015). Promoting has a vital job in that it is the methods through which the purchasers are educated regarding the presence of the item, place where its offered, its cost just as the highlights of the item (Hussain Shah 2014). The mix of the four Ps of showcasing is significant. Except if clients are made mindful that an item exists and additional data on the item is profited, it is hard for the clients to come and purchase the item (Greuning Iqbal, 2008). Clients are made mindful of the item utilizing different strategies and procedures, for example, prevailing press publicizing, for example, TV and Radio, open air publicizing through boards, internet based life promoting just as special endeavors, for example, street shows and occasion sponsorship. The new Islamic financial item must be made well known to clients via completing limited time endeavors to illuminate clients regarding the requirement for the item given the strict and social factors that impact client conduct in this nation ( Hussain and Shah, 2014). The connection without hardly lifting a finger of utilization of the Islamic financial framework will be critical in deciding the achievement of this new framework The accessibility of profoundly talented work power locally is refered to as one of the main considerations that will impact the development of Islamic banking in the Sultanate. This is on the grounds that, to present the framework effectively, representatives of the monetary establishment must have the correct preparing and experience to comprehend the tasks of the framework. The article by (Ahmed, 2015) additionally perceives the pretended by instructive establishments in delivering graduates who are well prepared and prepared in Islamic financial activities. The expense of on work preparing would somehow or another be high for the new contestants in the market. Rivalry in the business in Oman supposedly is extremely firm. The presentation of Islamic banking in Oman is relied upon to confront extremely solid rivalry from set up budgetary foundations which may utilize the Window system to wander into the Islamic financial market. This is required to be a detriment to the organization since the banks have a previously settled client base. This along these lines implies that once the ordinary banks begin offering indistinguishable items and administrations from Islamic banks, the new Islamic account foundations will be off guard. Alharbi 2015 likewise contends that it is basic for banks offering particular Islamic banking to confront rivalry from built up regular banks. Rivalry won't be as solid as envisioned since it will be somewhat hard for the current traditional banks to situate themselves again in the market. Utilization of the articles to Omani market The new Islamic financial item in Oman will confront difficulties in its usage yet there is enormous chance of the item getting fruitful in the market (Jan and Marimuthu, 2015). The piece of the pie of the Islamic financial item can't be precisely anticipated on the grounds that the item is totally new. Data accumulated on request of Islamic financial items that are in accordance with the Sharia Laws is significant in promoting of the item. This is on the grounds that the advertisers definitely comprehend what the shopper needs and along these lines, the promoting of the item will be purchaser centered. With regards to down to earth promoting of this item after its execution has started. It may be discovered that the interest was not as high as was anticipated. This might be significantly because of strict and culture impact which may make possible clients to be hesitant in taking up the new thought. This segment of the report looks at both the discoveries and conversations in the tw o diary articles talked about above with the Oman showcase. On rivalry, the article by Alharbi (2015) says that the degree of rivalry is high for budgetary organizations that are entering the Islamic financial industry. The degree of rivalry is especially high particularly in nations where the regular financial framework as of now exists. Alharbi contends that the regular banks will in general respond to the section of new firms in the market and begin offering similar items and administrations thus bolting out the new firms. In any case, in Alharbi (2015) contends that opposition is less extreme in nations that are exceptionally preservationist strictly since ordinary financial framework doesn't work in this nation. Contrasted with the earth in the Oman showcase, it is discovered that the serious condition in many nations is nearly the equivalent. In both the Oman article and the articles by Alharbi (2015) and Hussain and Sh

The concept of Happiness according to Kant ( with the categorical imperative) and Mill (with the utilitarianism).

The idea of Happiness as per Kant ( with the downright goal) and Mill (with the utilitarianism). Kant versus MIllHappinessIn two words the idea of bliss epitomizes the American dream. Individuals go to any methods by which to get the many changed materials and issues that initiate delights in every person, and at last at long last, the feeling remains a definitive objective. John Stewart Mills, a nineteenth century thinker, accurately upheld the quest for satisfaction, and kept up the idea that over every other worth, delight existed as the most extreme goal. Plants advanced his perspectives on common human inclination and his contentions supporting his hypothesis that regardless of anything else, satisfaction was the most significant dream to be satisfied. Despite the fact that Mills accepted so emphatically in his concept of bliss, another logician, by the name of Immanuel Kant, proposes a counter contention dependent on the standards of mysticism. Immanuel Kant, in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, safeguards his solid convictions in the issue of a decent will.Mill St reet, WarwickIn my paper I will talk about the various cases made by each Mills and Kant on bliss' job in moral life, and present the issue that reduces to a conflict among feelings and delights sections discernment and logic.Kant's ethical hypothesis and Utilitarianism are comparable in the regard that the two of them endeavor to clarify how one can approach acting morally, anyway they contrast in territories of estimating profound quality and their use of rules. Both Kant and Mills measure ethical quality in various manners. Kant says that a demonstration is regarded moral for two reasons: if it's accomplished for obligation and if its proverb can be willed as an all inclusive law. On the off chance that one finishes an activity dependent on their obligation to perform, they make the best decision since it is the thing that they believe they should carry out as their responsibility. Along these lines, this demonstration would...

142 Million Reasons to Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

142 Million Reasons to Vote - Essay Example Casting a ballot is one of the most significant urban benefits we have.Voter interest brings about a superior educated populace, permits us to legitimately take an interest in our political framework, and guarantees that our establishing standards will stay unblemished for future generations.When individuals vote, it requests that they settle on a choice on whom to decide in favor of. In their push to pick their preferred competitors, they may look for data from an assortment of sources. They watch the nightly news and surf the Internet. They tune into the discussions and measure the competitor's words cautiously. When Election Day moves around, the voter feels certain that they have settled on the correct decision. When asked, For what reason did you vote in favor of her, the voter will have the option to explain all the reasons. This definitely brings about a superior educated populace, and that spells better government.We frequently allude to our pioneers as the administration or hear individuals state their strategies. Be that as it may, the right expressions ought to be our legislature and our approaches. By taking an interest in the democratic procedure, we choose what our legislature will resemble and what our arrangements will be. This is particularly evident on a nearby level when there are choices to be made about how to spend scant expense dollars. Casting a ballot is our immediate connect to the political procedure and our approaches, activities, and enactment

Iranian Revolution of 1979 and its Impact on the Middle East Essay Example for Free

Iranian Revolution of 1979 and its Impact on the Middle East Essay Iranian Revolution is depicted as the occasions which engaged with oust of the Iran’s government, which was under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and a while later supplanting with Islamic republic by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini who was the pioneer of the insurgency (Abdelnasser, 1997). It is known as 1979 Revolution or Islamic Revolution. The 1979 unrest is said to have been a patriot, Shi’a Islamic and populist transformation, which supplanted ruler with religious government guided by Islamic law specialists (Abdelnasser, 1997). Shah Mohammad Reza system fallen in mid 1979 and denoted the finish of monarchial rule in Iran for over 450 years. The inception of Iranian upset can be followed back to the overthrow hinder of 1953 which was against the front chief of the country and the PM or the 1963 unsuccessful uprising which was started by Ayatollah Khomeini capture. The explanation of Iran pioneer Mohammad Reza to be ousted is subject of the chronicled banter. The Iranian insurgency was to some broaden a kickback traditionalist against the secularizing and westernizing endeavors of the Shah who was sponsored by the western countries particularly the Americans. The shah likewise had no traditionalist response to the social foul play just as to other old system weaknesses. Numerous Iranians saw the Shah just like a manikin of the western force who were non-Muslims and who had culture, which was debasing the way of life of Iran (Salehi, 1988). The Shah system was seen by the Iranians as being severe, degenerate, lavish and fierce. The system experienced practical disappointments since the financial projects were excessively driven and along these lines brought swelling, deficiencies and monetary bottlenecks. The Iranian insurgency is said to have been one of a kind since it shocked the entire world. The amazement was on the grounds that the unrest ousted system, which had backing of numerous countries globally and furthermore which was ensured vigorously by richly financed security and armed force administrations (Amuzegar, 1991). Besides the transformation was directed by unarmed demonstrators and disintegrated the system in span of months. The insurgency standard causes include: war rout, worker insubordination, money related emergency and displeased military (Ganji, 2002). Different reasons for the transformation incorporate arrangement of the Iran Shah and his strategy botches. The shah solid westernization strategy just as his nearby recognizable proof with the United States of America is one factor which chiefly caused the upheaval (Gabriel, 1998). This incorporated the unified forces unique establishment of the Shah just as the CIA help to reestablish him in the force in 1953. Furthermore, the shah had numerous US military experts and consultants and furthermore was allowed political insusceptibility for them not to arraign him. This prompted the patriot Iranians independent of their religion, to think about this Shah as the American manikin. Another reason for the upheaval was the Islamic convention disagreeable dismissal in the year 1976. The shah changed the schedule from Islamic to supreme, denoting the Cyrus birthday to be the principal day, where as should be the day on the trip of prophet Muhammad to Medina from Mecca (Ganji, 2002). The year short-term to 2535 from1355. The upheaval was additionally brought about by the arrangements of the shah rule, which was said to have debasement, indulgence and elitism and furthermore the individuals didn't care for the shah imperial court. Besides, the Shah neglected to develop administration supporters of the Shia religion who could have experienced the crusades by Khomeini against him. Disappointment of the excessively goal-oriented monetary program in 1974, which was to meet the desires brought by the godsend of the oil income, was additionally another reason (Daniel, 2001). In 1977-78, the Iran encountered a short however sharp financial compression period which followed an extensive monetary development period and as per Crane Brinton who is an unrest researcher, circumstance like that make a lot of disillusionment bigger than if the individuals were left all long in destitution. Shah additionally was concentrating on government restraint and reconnaissance on the Iran people’s Mujahedin, the socialist Iran Tudeh party just as different gatherings of radical, while the strict resistance who were progressively famous developed, sorted out, and bit by bit began sabotaging the system authority. Shah additionally had propensities of dictator that damaged constitution of Iran of 1906. This included difference constraint by security administrations, for example, the SAVAK, and afterward followed by appearance and mollification of shortcoming while the unrest was picking up energy (Amuzegar, 1991). The individuals of Iran practiced Alex de Tocqueville thought, which he expressed that, when individuals who have been set up under abusive guideline for quite a while with no dissent over an unexpected finds that the administration pressure is unwinding, they join arms against it (Abdelnasser, 1997). Expansion, bottle necks and deficiencies followed by illegal businesses, assaults on the supposed gougers of cost and furthermore the gravity measures, which enraged the bazaar just as the majority impacted the insurgency. Moreover, Shah estranged previous political Iranians, specifically the bazaar dealers by making single gathering to have political restraining infrastructure, and this gathering had necessary duty and enrollment (Ganji, 2002). This shah additionally for the most part had forceful impedance on the financial, political and worries of religion on people’s lives. The Iranian shah had begun having presumptuous disregard in his administration and furthermore had distraction of playing the legislators of the world during oil blast, which followed lost his goals and fearlessness. Likewise his wellbeing had been debilitated by disease when the unrest was picking up force. The terminal sickness of the shah was mystery for a period, yet he realized he was to bite the dust because of malignant growth; his medicine then again made him to be drowsy and discouraged. Moreover, a few of his nearest consultants had for the time kicked the bucket, and the faculty of castle had been terminated in huge number during the 1978 summer. The Shah had likewise disparaged the restriction quality and all the more particularly the strict resistance (Salehi, 1988). The endeavors to please and persuade the restriction were pretty much nothing and less than ideal regardless of whether no counter-assault endeavors were made against the progressives. His inability to prepare and set up his security powers to manage show and dissent additionally lead to the accomplishment of the transformation. His inability to control the group without utilizing unreasonable power since the soldiers utilized live ammo as opposed to the utilizing water guns or Plexiglas prompted the insurgency. The military officials additionally was utilized as force base who were to be spoiled as opposed to utilizing them as power for controlling security dangers. Moreover, the shah government had a customized nature and he much forestalled any conceivable or potential contender to the bested proficient of the ruler and furthermore viable government. This prompted crown development of the divisions inside political first class and the military and at last, the system absence of help by its partners when he most required them since numerous Iranians had left the nation when the unrest was starting (Khomeini, 2010). The ruler government used to accept administrative issues as close to home interests, used to debilitate activities by the regular excusal from office and furthermore their overruling, and furthermore their refusal to permit participation of authorities in dread of the regicidal intrigues. The shah was cautious when meeting his commanders and top assistants exclusively and in his nonappearance; the entire framework couldn't have the option to work. This made the upset to occur and succeed proficient. The insurgency had a few effects in the Iran nation and the Middle East on the loose. First the insurgency prompted again people groups administration which was to be guided by Islamic laws. The authorities of American international safe haven were taken on prisoner and Mr. Bazargan surrendered. Khomeini set up progressive watchman to be stabilizer of both the left outfitted gatherings just as to the military of Shah. The watchman with time developed to a military power at a full-scale and furthermore turned into the transformation most grounded foundation. Individuals serving under Pasdaran were the most mistreated preparation known as Baseej-e Mostazafin who were chips in each movement beginning from the board of quake crisis to assaulting paper workplaces and resistance demonstrators (Amuzegar, 1991). A large number of progressive boards went about as the ears and eyes for the recently discovered system and were reprimanded for their discretionary captures and executions just as property reallocations. Likewise, the system wills authorization was finished by the Hezbollahi who were known as God gathering and they were solid arm hooligans whose job was to assault paper workplaces and demonstrators. Two ideological groups were shaped after the fall of Shah Regime and were later smothered by the ace Khomeini gathering. These gatherings were, moderate strict gathering known as Muslims People’s Republican Party (MPRP) related with the Mohammad Kazem and the other gathering was National Democratic Front (NDF) (Gabriel, 1988). Not long after the administration of Khomeini, choice was led as whether to supplant the government framework and supplant it with Islamic republic and 98. 2%voted for the kindness of the choice (Abdelnasser, 1997). Khomeini at that point announced the legislature ought to have 100%base on Islam. What's more, new constitution gave legal adviser rule to have ground-breaking post, which should control security administrations and the military just as to select legal and top government authorities (Khomeini, 2010). Khomeini likewise expanded cleric’s number in the watchman gathering and their capacity and allowed it command over assembly passed laws just as the races. One year after the unrest, Saddam Hussein invad

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Human asset - Essay Example The demonstration further keeps bosses from utilizing power or risk of counter to impact employees’ opportunity and option to choose, justly, their associations for portrayal. The demonstration additionally recognizes an organization’s director as a major aspect of its administration. This implies an administrator is an organization’s specialist and the association is along these lines vicariously obligated for its supervisors’ activities (Bramball, 2012). A similar demonstration anyway recognizes management’s option to impact unions’ races through careful activities (DeCrew, 2003). Applying these standards bolsters my choice to maintain the decisions in light of the fact that despite the fact that the administrator showed up close the union’s meeting, his activity doesn't impart any type of risk to fight back on the association. This sabotages appropriateness of risk of response against the association. Despite the fact that the boss is a specialist to the association, his activity is predictable with the management’s option to utilize its strategies to impact association races (Bramball, 2012; DeCrew,

The Evolving Role Of Corporate Counsels Example

The Evolving Role Of Corporate Counsels Example The Evolving Role Of Corporate Counsels â€" Essay Example > IntroductionFor as far back as one can go lawyers have acted as advisers to those engaged in business ventures. Whether in the early days of setting up a venture or at the maturity stage where competitors are doing all they can to take over in the marketplace, business people have had occasion to use the advise of lawyers. The relationship has always been an uneasy one, however, because even though lawyers have not been unknown to provide the kind of advice that can save many a businessperson from ruin, the high fees generally charged by lawyers can make having to consult them a not too pleasant activity. When business people have had definite need for the services of lawyers, traditionally they had to visit a lawyer, who may either be working solo or as part of a group of attorneys specializing in some area of the law. While this model of interaction between lawyers and business people continues to exist, it seems that there is a new dynamic happening in the world of business to which both those with an interest in the legal profession and business need to take note. This is the evolving role of lawyers as active members of management, and not just in the role of providing advice after strategy has been crafted, but rather as advisers who are intimately involved in strategic planning and for helping to position a business not only to avoid making costly mistakes but also to take advantage of any unique opportunities in its sphere of operations. The nature of this relationship is worthy of examination, however, because one of the hallmarks of the legal profession and its relationship with business is the belief that lawyers can give dispassionate advice. Statement of the problemThe question of whether lawyers who are very much a part of the crafting of strategy can step back from that role in order to provide independent or objective advice is one of great importance. Rationale In the past, even companies that hired lawyers to work within the company kept the lawyers at arms length from the regular run of business. Even though the lawyers may have worked within a company their role was essentially as a separate group of advisers who had simply switched from serving many masters to serving a single one. In effect, problems that were presented for the consideration of lawyers would have felt somewhat removed from the attorney who would need require the officers of the company to explain exactly what they had been up to and what legal problems needed the attorney’s consideration. In recent years, however, rather than having to explain to in-house lawyers what problems the company might be facing, it is very likely that the lawyer would know exactly what is going on because he or she would have been attending all the strategy sessions of the company and be familiar with the details of what the company was doing and where it was headed. This would seem like a sensible idea because rather than having to explain matters to an in-house l awyer, which might mean even missing some critical details, the lawyers, who may have been in on the deals and strategies right from the beginning could provide just the advice the company needs when such advice is needed. More than just sitting in on meetings, however, in some companies the lawyers have actually taken on a strategic role, meaning that they are very much a part of the team that sets the direction and mission of the company, and decide on the alliances and strategies that would move the company forward toward its goals. There is a concern, however, that when lawyers have been a part of strategic planning from the beginning their involvement and their contribution may make it difficult for them to back off and provide dispassionate advice because it would seem as though they were criticizing themselves or give the impression that they did not have enough foresight. It is in the interest of companies, therefore, to consider this relationship carefully and to decide w hether such an active participation of lawyers in strategy formulation can be a boon or a detriment.

MRCA Analysis Essay - 1375 Words

MRCA Analysis (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseInstructorDateMRAC AnalysisMRAC analysis can be very useful in finding out important information. It can be used to assess a site and make a report about it. This is because it helps one to clearly understand the formation of the site, what it is all about, the purpose of the site, and how easy it is to get information from the particular site. This paper is about analyses that were carried out in four different sites, and it tries to explain whether MRAC helped to understand the presented material better, and clearly, and how it helped. This is in relation to the reliability and credibility of the sites. The sites to be analyzed include; pets or food, save the Rennetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, petrol direct, and the endangered guinea worm.Petrol direct is a site that talks about low cost, innovative fuels including petrol, biofuels, diesel, and specialist fuels. It is a site that informs people about how they can now access fuel on line, without having to go to the gas s tations, and paying higher prices for fuel. (Petroldirect.com) claims that one is now able to access cheaper fuel via the internet, in the United Kingdom. It goes ahead to explain that their fuels are cheaper, because they are sourced from other countries in the European Union that have lower tax rates than the United Kingdom.The site Petrol direct, (Petroldirect.com), claims that it is the only fuel retailer which can be found on the internet, by only making orders on-line. Their services include delivery and direct shipping, which help the customer avoid too much hassle and too much expenditure. They also offer many different kinds of fuel which are hard to find in the United Kingdom, and are friendly to the engines of the vehicles. And most importantly, they give guarantees that the fuels they provide will not in any way harm the vehicle engines. Most recent common ancestor was helpful in understanding the material better. This is because it made it easier to go through the mater ial without any hardships. The only problem is that the information presented on the site cannot be ascertained whether it is credible or not. The reader gets mixed reactions because it is not easy to believe what is true about imported fuel, and how safe it is to order for fuel online. The readers will also not be convinced that the imported fuel is better that the ones they are used to.The next site is about pets or food. It is a company that deals with producing high quality healthy, organic animals, at lower prices. The animals range from pets to animals that can be used as food. They claim that they make deliveries at retail prices and that they are certified. It is a very interesting site because it deals with animals that can be either kept or made for food. (Petsorfood.com), goes on to assure clients that their animals are raised in protected areas that are hormone free and also pesticide free. This information is so crucial because often timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s animals are genetic ally modified and contain a lot of unwanted chemicals.(Petsorfood.com) is a site that has been designed for pet lovers and for people who are interested in finding organic foods. It helps that there is a word from the chief executive officer of the company and also a guarantee that the products meet the required standards according to the Californiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s organic foods requirements. This makes it easy to be credible and also to gain trust and acceptance from the prospective buyers. This is because it is easier to obtain proof of the claim. The fact also that they offer free shipping makes it enticing because people would rather things be delivered at their door steps without paying a dime for it. Most recent common ancestor was very helpful in this site because it made it easier to get the required information and all the most necessary information that would be helpful to an interested party. It was also easy because it was easy to know whether the site was credible or not. I t also showed that the site can be relied on.With the help of MRCA, it was very easy to retrieve information from pets or food. One is able to interact directly with the company, and get access to all the desired information. It also helped in getting to understand everything much better. Even if the name of the site could be a little confusing, it would not take anyone long to find out the real meaning of the name. The site is quite straight forward and all the information and material that one needs to know can be found easily. All thanks to MRCA, this makes it easier to get such useful information.Save the rennets is a website that has been built for the campaign against unnecessary slaughter and torture of the rennets. According to (Jamie, 2015), Rennets are tiny rodents which resemble hamsters. The site claims that the animals are used for the manufacture of cheese, and that they are factory bred. It further says that the animals are slaughtered by being dropped in to hot water , and their skin removed. Afterwards, they are crushed using mincing machines, and packaged, ready for shipment to interested cheese makers. The site says that the only way to stop the animosity towards the rennets is by turning to vegetarian cheese which does not require animalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products.Most recent common ancestor made it easier to understand the material. But the problem is that it did not help in ascertaining its credibility and reliability (Jamie, 2015). It was hard to verify the sources of the material and if the help they are referring to is true and if it is reliable. Furthermore, not many people know the facts that the site tries to explain and it would not be easy to believe such information. But it was very easy to get all the information that anyone would wish to get access to. MRCA was very instrumental in making it easy to collect the information.Save the guinea worm foundation is a site dedicated to saving the guinea worm from extinction (Seven Deadly Sins , 2015). The worm which is on the brink of extinction is said to be facing even more danger, as human beings do not like it at all. This is because of its destructive nature. The site even claims that man would like to see the worm completely extinct from this world, in order to evade all the problems that are caused by the worm. Even though there is an increase in the number of environmentalists and preservationists, there is no one who has stood up for the guinea worm. This makes the matters even worse for the poor worm.The guinea worm is no angel. It is a parasite that depends on human beings for survival. In doing so, it causes a lot of discomfort to the person. That is why man does not like it at all. The site campaigns for the preservation of the parasite (Seven Deadly Sins, 2015). It goes ahead to explain how major governmental and non-gov...

The Gunpowder Empires Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal

The Racial Justice Social Movement - 895 Words

The Racial Justice Social Movement Introduction Civil Rights Movements recollections are responsible for shaping how people behave in society as well as the numerous protests on human rights that are seen in present day. What was evidenced back in the 1950s and 60s was focused on breaking racial barriers which were centered around degrading, confining and marginalizing the minority population of the United States. The case is relatively different in present day, what is conceptualized is a case of people supporting the movement driven by different purposes. With the history of what transpired throughout time is what shapes our daily politics. Social movements of the 19th and 20th Century are responsible for shaping progressive thought. The movements were driven by the need for racial disenfranchisement with legal requirements of segregation were constitutionally inconsistent with a focus on its eradication. What was conceptualized back in the early 20th Century is a case scenario where the women suffrage, environmental protection to dismantlement of Jim Crow laws. These were considered as relatively utopian ideas but that is not the case in present day where they are considered as being common sense. Radical issues for yester years have been considered into mainstream policy formulation of present day. During the 20th Century, the whole process reads as some of the most progress accomplishments until present day. The whole process of social justice was conceptualizedShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 PagesGiselle Cordero PSCI 246: Social Movements Outline Topic/Question: Have Black Lives Mattered? – Racial profiling in the justice system, increased incarceration of African Americans and the idea of â€Å"White Privilege† persists in the United States. 1. 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Europeans have used Marxist philosophy on class laddering, while non-Western countries required its encouragement in the criticism of colonialism. In the United States, The Civil Rights Movement was its forerunner. The notion of â€Å"Environmental Justice†, nevertheless, has its genesis in the resistance of blackRead MoreRacism and Social Injustice Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States and internationally, there is a multitude of indicators that the racial environment is changing. Environmental pollution and racism are connected in more ways than one. The world is unconsciously aware of environmental intolerances, yet continues to expose the poor and minorities to physical hazards. Furthermore, sociologist continue to study â€Å"whether racial disparities are largely a function of socioeconomic disparities or whether other factors associated with race are alsoRead MoreSocial Justice Action Project, Britnee And I Interviewed College Students892 Words   |  4 PagesFor the Social Justice Action Project, Britnee and I interviewed college students in the Northeast region who revealed their views on the Black Lives Matter Movement, racial injustice, and racial profiling. We had wanted to inform people of what the Black Lives Matter Movement stood for and tackle some of the myths and misconceptions of what the organization represented. In the process, the interviewees have expressed their feelings of how today’s society is blinded by irrational thinking and biasedRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange Of The New World1523 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the establishment of the New World, blacks imported through the Columbian Exchange to North America arrived to fulfill the labor needs in the Southern colonies. As these servants became socially subordinate to their white plantation owners, raci al divisions took shape in colonial society (New World Labor Systems). Legislative action taken to deprive black individuals of their rights and privileges arose in the 1660s in the Chesapeake colonies. The practice of slavery grew and prospered underRead MoreEssay about racial inequality1317 Words   |  6 Pages Some people define race as if it is something solid or concrete, but what they don’t see is that it is a â€Å"social fabrication†(Mathew Desmond, Mustafa Emibayer,2009;2). Race is based on the difference in physical appearance which is determined, for example, by the most apparent trait; skin color. Inequality emerges when people living, whether on the same sovereign terrain or across continents, are not treated with the same amount of respect and not given the chance to engageRead MoreEssay On Black Lives Matter1243 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Lives Matter is an international activist movement that started within the African-Americ an communities. This movement is organized by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. Ever since the black people have stepped on American soil, they have continued to be victims of racism and violence. From slavery to lynching to segregation, the black people have suffered alot in this country. In the past few years, there are so many of them that have been targeted by the law enforcement authoritiesRead MoreRacial Inequalities And Racial Inequality1228 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressed but also how society functions as a whole. Racial inequalities have manifested in American society in ways that underlies a wide range of societal domains such as housing patterns, educational opportunities, healthcare inequality, and incarceration rates. Current events and experiences demonstrate moreover that racial inequality is still adamant in the American culture. Long after slavery, the Jim Crow Era, and the civil rights movement, racial inequality has taken distinctive forms which aff ect

5 Easy Summarizing Strategies for Students

A Functional Understanding Of Historical And Social Context

When it comes to the evaluation of history, there are a variety of components essential to developing a functional understanding of historical and social context: to look to the future, we must look to the past, and to explore the present, we must think about the potential of the future. This juxtaposition of past, present and future, or the combination of empiricism and logic thought, constitutes dialectical materialism, requiring an examination of the end-goal to determine the means of societal change. This theorization of revolutionary action established the backdrop for the creation of the Black Panther Party in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who drew from dialectical materialism and general Marxist-Leninist philosophy to†¦show more content†¦In his writings on the subject of politics in 1969, Huey Newton makes the similar argument that Black people must develop shared political power in order to make it â€Å"unprofitable for racists to continue oppressingâ₠¬  their communities (148). Through this emphasis on the need to change profit incentives by banding together, which he argues must be through military power, Newton seems to concur with Marx’s thesis that the â€Å"ever-expanding union of the workers† is needed to centralise power (Marx 166). This reclaiming of the political sphere through political and ideological union, as both theorists seem to attest to, thus has the potential to resolve class antagonisms. But Newton’s understanding of this principle seems to diverge from Marx in its contextualization to the African-American situation: Huey professed to follow the ideological path of Marxist-Leninism and Chinese communist leader Mao Tse-tung, but made it relevant to the situation of the United States. The reorientation of Marxist-Leninist theory to address the oppression of Black people in America through the Black Panther Party, as Newton himself points out in his speech at Boston College in 1970, â€Å" follow[s] the dialectical method† while also integrating theory and practice (Newton 164). Instead of looking to historical facts as the sole arbiter of potential futures, as historical materialists – who,Show MoreRelatedCritical Discourse Analysis ( Cda )1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped on the basis of Discourse Analysis (DA) since 1970s. The insights have been expanded into a broader range of social, cultural, psychological and political practices. It is regarded as the textual study aiming to elucidate the abuses of power residing in the texts by analyzing linguistic/semiotic remarks in accordance with the existing (social, political, cultural, etc.) contexts in which those texts circulate (Wodak: 2001, 1-2; Fairclough: 1995; Huckin, Andrus, and Clary-Lemon: 2012, 107; RashidiRead MoreSociology, Anthropology, By Lewis Binford932 Words   |  4 Pagesimprovements are discussed by looking at three major functional sub-classes of material culture, with regard to th e processes of change, and then applied in the context of the utilization of native copper in eastern North America. This approach created a new viewpoint with which to understand the past through cultural material and was one of the highlights that brought the field of archaeology to what it is today. Binford discusses the historical-cultural approach, by first acknowledging that itRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication 1725 Words   |  7 Pagesculture and social being. Language is not the only mean which individuals create activities and identities. Also, language is not enough to be recognised in a specific community or group. Person must behave and act in ways considered right among this community or group. This essay ...... Forms of literacy There are variety criteria of literacy that have been explained by different intellectuals. These forms are functional literacy, cultural literacy, and critical literacy. Functional literacyRead MoreStandards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom1411 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are benefiting greatly from the allowance of multiple modes of learning, including visual and text used together as well as separately (Christie, 2005). Introducing a standard setRead MoreDesigning A Built Environment : The World And New Ways Of Thinking1489 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding typology is important when considering re-interprating a built environmen t. It can help to better understand how things relate to each other, notably in architecture, and how Piazzas have evolved through time. Therefore, the purpose of this first part is to look into the concept of Type in Architecture. 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They may hinder the normal functioning of the society. Such harmful situations are known as social problems. These problems arise because every society has certain norms and values. When these norms and values are violated, they result in social problems. They are problems because such deviation of norms and values are dysfunctional in the society. Some of the examples of social problems areRead MoreAn Project On Investigative Journalism1025 Words   |  5 Pagessystems of construable signs† by which culture is actually a context within which â€Å"social events, behaviors, institutions, or processes† can be intelligible, â€Å"thickly described†, and not an outcome of some measurable causes (Geertz, 2008: 36). In this vein, this proposal recognizes Martà ­n Barbero’s perspective in which popular and massive cultures are tightly embedded one in another, as well as entangle d in complex networks of historical and situated practices and imaginaries. Therefore, this projectRead MoreHow Language Is The Key Element For Teaching Language And Literacy1310 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage provides opportunities for learning new concepts and new ways for understanding the world. Culture is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, beliefs, moral goals, values, and behaviour. Social-Cultural inclusivity is the crucial element for teaching language and literacy in the classroom. Discussing language as an object; cultural diversity; Vygotsky’s theory; significance of Bilingual children; the effects of social class; significance of multiliteracies in the classroom; awareness of post-structuralism;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family unit as an extension of social and education al progress through adaptation and guidance. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (TMI) also expands upon Vygotsky and Piaget’s premise of experiential learning by understanding the different forms of adaptation in the differing modes of thinking (spatial, visual, verbal, etc.) that educators can utilize

Compassion International Speech Outline Free Essays

Bridgette Woodcock Prof. Roche THE 113 Speech 21 February 2013 Compassion International: Child Sponsorship Introduction (Play video) 1 (Provide two statistics) Did you ever think you could change the life story of the weak and vulnerable? Well, you can! Today, I want to share with you the importance of what you can do to change a child’s story. 2 Today, many children are living in poverty and exploitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Compassion International Speech Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of those places are within the 26 poorest countries that Compassion International serves. Compassion is well known and used by celebrities and other national foundations. 4 Compassion uses a holistic method of child development 5 An average person can minimize and eliminate the exploitation and poverty through the organization Compassion International. Child sponsorship lifts children out of poverty/exploitation. 1 Fox News. com reported, â€Å"In Brazil’s poorest regions, mothers, many of whom are stuck in the sex trade, often push their own daughter’s into the business at age 12 or younger to increase the family’s meager income† (para. ). 2 Compassion Serves in 26 Developing Countries, â€Å"19 were placed in the â€Å"Tier 2 category† (â€Å"governments who don’t fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA)† (para. 3-4). 3 â€Å"Compassion International takes a long-term strategy by tackling the underlying issues that make child enslavement possible. Prevention through education, care and nurture is how we (Compassion) work to protect all of the 1. 2 million children we (Compassion) serve around the world† (para. ). Is child sponsorship with Compassion real/legitimate? 1 Yes! Compassion is independently audited by several agencies including Charity Navigator 4 star ranking for 11 consecutive years, Chronicle of Philanthropy’s â€Å"Top Rated Charity-#23 on Top 400 list†, Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance, Forbes ranks it as #15 on its Largest Charities List, and Non-Profit Times ranks Compassion as #30 on its Top 100 List. 2 Been in Business since 1952. Sponsors may visit their children, write letters, send cards and give extra above the sponsorship, which 100% of donation goes directly to that child and his/her family. Over 87% of $38. 00 sponsorship donation goes to the child child’s center to provide school fees, books, educational materials, clothing, food, health care, counseling, and activities. Holistic method of child development 1 Child Survival Program (Birth to age 2 and mothers) Begins when a mother is still pregnant, provides nutrition, medical assistance, parental education, and social support for both mothers and caregivers to help them succeed the first few years of the child’s life. 2 Child Sponsorship Program (Age 2-10-new registrations- existing children to age 18) 1 Sponsorship is a unique way for one person to have a life-changing effort on poverty around the world by sponsoring a child in poverty. 3 Complementary Interventions (All ages- operations, flooding, mosquito nets, water) Divided into two areas: Supplemental development activites (medical, nutritional, and educational assistance, AIDS prevention, Malaria prevention) and Program Enhancement Activities (disaster response, water projects, income-generating activities, and infrastructure development). 4 Leadership Development Program (colle ge students) 1 Gives students the opportunity to develop their gifts and become skilled professionals and leaders of influence in their churches, communities, and nations. Conclusion- Partnering with Compassion is Affordable and Makes a Difference! $38. 00 per month per child 2 Extra Donations Optional (Birthdays, Christmas, Family Gift) (no more than $1,000 per year, $2,000 in graduation year). 3 Forms a personal relationship with child 4 Limits child exposure to human slavery and poverty. Works Cited Compassion International. (2012). compassion. com. http://www. compassion. com/child-development-model. htm Hanlon, Mark. (2011). The new slavery—human trafficking. FoxNews. com. Retrieved February 20, 2013. www. foxnews. com/opinion/2011/09/15/new-slavery-human-trafficking. How to cite Compassion International Speech Outline, Papers

Fourth Revolution Of Industry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Review On Fourth Revolution Of Industry. Answer: Introduction to the literature review The literature review is about the industrial revolution of the fourth revolution of industry (industry 4.0). In the literature, a summary of various aspects of the industry will be explored comprehensively. The literature review covers the significant differences between industry 3.0 and industry 4.0. Major challenges, as well as the opportunities of industry 4.0, will be given. It will further provide various information technology strategies of this era of the industrial revolution. A detailed analysis of the transformations that industry 4.0 has brought in the interconnected and competitive industry against industry 3.0 will also get evaluated. Industry 4.0 has come up as a result of technological advancements. Differences between industry 4.0 and industry 3.0 According to Fritscher and Pigneur 2009, industry 3.0 entails already interconnected industry. It is, therefore, the current technological solutions in the world of automation being experienced by current industries. They are commonly called digital industries, whose revolution began in the 1970s with the advancement in technology. During this era, various changes and more robots were brought in the assembly line to accomplish most tasks that were done by individuals. For example, there was the use of programmable robots and logic controllers. The era is characterized by quality analysis, supply management, product design, and inventory tracking that were realized through load balancing, middleware, Microsoft, web servers, and databases (Fritscher and Pigneur, 2009, p. 44). Unlike industry 3.0, industry 4.0 has come up with the internet of things and advanced means of enhancing production efficiency by companies in the industry. Furthermore, it has brought up high quality analysis of product designs by manufacturing companies, far much better than what industry 3.0 contributed in the industry. The publication made by Johnson and Christen 2008, reveals that Industry 4.0, is the fourth era in the industrials revolutions of the cyber-physical system. The era entails storage systems, smart machines, and production equipment with the capacity of autonomously passing information controlling each other independently as well as triggering actions. It is clear that the era provides more advancement in the field of the industry through intensive researches being conducted to shaping the future of such sectors. The industrial evolutions targets at ensuring that efficient operations persist aiming at improving the development of new businesses by creating enormous economic influence as opposed to other industrial evolutions. In this era, industries will ensure that business organizations establish advanced storage systems, advanced production systems with the capacity to exchange information through digital means (Johnson and Christeen, 2008, p.51). Increased evolution in the producti on sector by most companies has been enhanced by industry 4.0 which has come up with technologies that improve machine efficiency regarding time, the quantity of produces, as well as quality products as demanded by customers in the market. Challenges of industry 4.0 The scholars such as Lee and Yang 2015 revealed that industry 4.0 is encountered by some obstacles which barricade these industries from realizing the set goals of the industrial revolutions. The problem of insufficient qualification of employees is profound and hence a great Destructor. Additionally, themanagement of the fourth revolution organization needs good planners who are proactive and highly committed towards the achievement of the set objectives to move the industry to a higher level. These attributes are lacking to such leaders who lack vision for their organization (Lee and Yang, 2015, p. 4). Vargo and Lusch 2009 provided evidence that the contemporary industries do not have the planned regulations, standards, and forms of certification which otherwise would have enhanced these businesses to compete favorably with the perspective of remaining at the top. Adopting the new system of a company is another challenge since many jobs will be lost. It is because the fourth generation of the business focuses on the employment of many operations using information technology and automatic processes. Therefore, they deprive job opportunities, particularly to the low-class society. Furthermore, the era encounters threats of redundancy of the industry information technology department, therefore unable to deliver accordingly resulting to failure in enhancing creativity and innovation which are the two major tools that determine the success of the industrial operations (Vargo and Lusch, 2009, p. 19). Information Technology strategies Studies made by Patel and Giaglis 2009 reveal that industries of generation 4.0 focus on various IT strategies regularly, to make the organization wholly digital. The policies are employed by the organizations as major tools to ensure that decisions pertaining technologies through identification of fundamental technology and gaps required for new inventions are technologically done enhancing development. Such industries, to realize these goals, their stakeholders have set up of European Technology Platforms (ETPs) which aim at supporting development agendas of innovation and creativity in the field of technology. Also, the organizations are guided by digital changes whether vertical or horizontal value chains and services or products of the companies giving them (Partel and Gillis, 2009, p. 167). Osterwalder in his publication 2010 elaborated that for changes to be realized, there is the need for the organizations to launch the internet of things platforms, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, cloud systems and adaptive changes which will cause some transformations in the organizations. Intensive research is another strategy being employed to improve the information technology intending to developing the knowledge drivers and accomplishments needed by the industries. The industry is also expected to impact a four long-term relationship paradigm targeting to change the approach of manufacturing in the European countries. It will focus on enhancing integration of customers in production, processing, and design sections. The technology will also focus on improving working conditions of humans through human-oriented interfaces. The study further elaborates that such organization targets at facilitating communication between individuals, products, and machines with a purpose to provide real-time access to products and product information for the involved entities and the performance of autonomous work progress (Osterwalder, 2010, p. 56). Opportunities for industry 4.0 This type of industry enjoys a wide range of opportunities that accrue as a result of its digitalization. The opportunities are as discussed below Bettaglin and Lamba 2015 expounded that the industry has realized the easier work as a result of the rise not only using workforce but also robots in the factory. The combination of both workers and robots in executing the factory's duties gives it an upper hand to move to higher heights of excellence regarding the production and the time-saving. Also, the invention of autonomous vehicles boasts the supplies. There is also secure communication within the factory between the designers and the factory. This is enabled by the use advanced communication technologies and sensor network which easily links them (Bettaglin and Lamba, 2015, p. 44). Barguet and Amigo 2013 revealed that the manufacturing industry enjoys a wide range of potential that is made available by their use of smart technologies. The Engineers access timely feedback on the prediction of the cost and performance hence take an appropriate measure. Furthermore, the factory processes can be assigned automatically using the highly digitalized factory equipment and machines (Barquet and Amigo, 2013, p.694). Badden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013 propounds that it is possible to predict the failure of the equipment thus taking appropriate and timely preventive measure to curb it, this is possible because of the smart factories. In such a case, the maintenance team is summoned to act before things go bizarre (Badden-Fuller and Haefliger, 2013, p. 420). Industry 4.0 has come up with numerous technological revolutions that facilitate industry growth and development in the engineering and technology sector. The invention of the internet of things has made it easier for the maintenance team to repair and service manufacturing machines in a more fast and prompt manner. According to the publication made by Arnold.et.al 2016, lack to bracing new technologies will not only face out companies from succeeding in business but instead it will be difficult for such companies to compete with those that have embraced it. Reports have also shown that smart factories cannot be equated with others regarding the amount of the money they make. This is a clear indication that of it enjoys incredible profits. There is, therefore, need for all companies to embrace the smart factories so as also to enjoy the many opportunities it harbors (Arnold, Kiel, and Voigt, 2016, p. 44). The adoption of the internet of things in the industry by companies has been a perfect strategy for enhancing productivity efficiency thus the right perspective of gaining a competitive advantage to companies that operate under sector 4.0. With this increased use of industry 4.0 by companies, the quality of goods and services offers is unique and thus satisfying customers who show loyalty to co mpanies and market the brand to their colleagues. As a result, competitive advantage by companies in the industry against competitors is achieved. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the revolution era of industry 4.0 is the most efficient phase of the industrial revolution which will ensure that such sectors are fully automated as well as digitalized. The operation of such organization will be more accessible, flexible and faster. However, in realizing these benefits, results in increased costs of production for instance increased costs of acquiring improved machines and training of the IT experts. Themanagement needs to invest heavily in industry 4.0 for success to be realized. References Abbott, D. 2014. Applied predictive analytics: Principles and techniques for the professional data analyst.Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley. systems (MES). Journal of Innovation Management, 3,16-21Arnold, C, D Kiel and Voigt 2016. How industry 4.0 changes business models in different manufacturing industries. Student paper report. New York: online: http//www.researchgate.net/publications, Badden-Fuller, C and S. Haefliger 2013. "Business models and Technological innovation." Journal of business and technology: 419-426. Barquet, A, and C. Amigo. 2013 "Employing the business model concepts to support the adoption of product service systems." Industrial marketing management 42.5 693-704. Bettaglin, M and R. Lamba 2015. Optimal Dynamic Contracting: The first order approach and Beyond. Social science research report. Rochester: NY: social science Bertoncelj, A., Kav?i?, K. 2011.Hierarchy orientation in equity alliances: Core capabilities perspective. Kybernetes, 40,685-696. doi:10.1108/0368492111114224 Commission,2016 Smart specialization Platforms; Available at http//s3platform.jrc.ec.europa. Cooper, J., James, A. 2009.Challenges for database management in the Internet of things. IETE Technical Review, 26,320-329. doi:10.4103/0256-4602.55275 Espejo, R., Dominici, G. 2016. Cybernetics of value co-creation for product development. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. doi:10.1002/sres.2392 Fritscher, B, and Y. Pigneur 2009. "Business model modeling: A compromised between creativity and constraints." British journal of management: 28-43. Gamarra, C., Guerrero, J. M., Montero, E. 2016.Knowledge discovery in databases approaches for industrial microgrid planning. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60,615-630. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.091 Hanna, R., Rohm, A., Crittenden, L. V. 2011.We are all connected: The power of the social media ecosystem. Business Horizons, 54,265-273. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.00 Herman and Pentek 2016, Principles of industries 4.0 scenarios, New York, Online publication. Hungerland, F., Quitzau, J., Zuber, C., Ehrlich, L., Growitsch, C., Rische, M. C., Ha, H. J. The digital economy (No. 21e). Strategy 2030Wealth and Life in the Next Generation. Retrieved fromhttps://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/121322 Joint Research center 2012, How will standards facilitate new production systems in the context of E U innovation and competitiveness 2025? Johnson, M and C. Christeen 2008. Reinventing your business model. Ne York: Harvard business review, Lee, J and S. Yang 2015. "Industrial Big Data analytics nad cyber-physical systems." online journal of business: 3-8. Marolt, M., Pucihar, A., Zimmermann, D. H. 2015.Social CRM adoption and its impact on performance outcomes: A literature review. Organizacija, 48,260-271. doi:10.1515/orga-2015-0022 Osterwalder, A. 2010 Business model generation: a handbook of visionaries, game changers and challengers. New York: Wiley and Sons, Patel, A, and S. Giagllis. 2009 "Technology innovation, induced business models change Contingency approach." journal of organizational change management: 167-183. Vargo, S and R. Lusch 2009. "Service, value networks, and learning ." journal of the Academy of marketing: 19-31.

Medicare Essay Thesis Example For Students

Medicare Essay Thesis â€Å"Medical Care, Medical Costs: The Search for a Health Insurance Policy† is an article byRashi Fein illustrates the development of Blue Cross and Medicare. It traces the needfor, as well as the history, and benefits of these two programs. The purpose of this articleis to make the reader aware of the inability of the elderly and the disabled to fund theirown medical care and to illustrate the need for support of Medicare by the community toshare in the uncertainty. The variance of the types and sources of the evidence helps toThis article is directed towards the non-historian. It is an attempt to convey to thecommon voter the importance of Medicare. This direction towards the non-historian canbe seen in the use of endnotes over footnotes, as well as the appeal at the end of thearticle proclaiming that the understanding of Medicare by the voters would lead to itsFurther evidence of this purpose is illustrated throughout the article. The authorslowly builds up an understanding of the need for Medicare and Blue Cross by tracing thedevelopment of insurance. And then systematically showing how the elderly anddisabled would be unable to get the care they need without it. This article holds togetherin the systematic way it covers the issue. Another point that holds the article together is its use of mainly primary sourcematerials. This alleviates some of the risk involved in blindly accepting other historiansinterpretations. Also, the scholarly nature of these articles helps to bolster the article’sThis article accomplishes it’s purpose of convincing the reader as to the necessityof Medicare through the use of contextual and scholarly evidence, as well as through thewell laid-out format. This article would be useful in serving its purpose as a tool toconvince voters as to the necessity of Medicare.Bibliography:

Perspectives on Church Government free essay sample

A model may sometimes be referred to as â€Å"polity†, the definition of a polity is â€Å"the form of government of a nation, state, church, or organization. † (The Free Dictionary n. d. ) Each model will be discussed and defended by an author, and later that chapter is rebutted by fellow authors, stating their opinions and rebuttals. (Brand and Norman 2004) The 5 Models of Church Government Single-Elder-Led Church This model is discussed by Daniel Akin, President of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. What does the Scripture say about the number of elders in a congregation? The Scripture didn’t specify whether there should be only a single elder in a congregation, but it has been noticed that the word is usually addressed in a plural manner, telling us that elders ruled as a collective body. Akin stated that it doesn’t matter how many elders there in a congregation, what’s important is who they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspectives on Church Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So what is a single-elder-led church, if elders ruled as a collective body? A single-elder-led church is a congregation where an elder is elected, not in rank, age, or importance, but rather in recognition by his people. He is recognized as a leader among other elders. An example given in the book is the book of Numbers Chapter 11, where Moses was directed by God to gather a group of elders to share the burden of judging the people. Akin noted, the elders shared the work with Moses but yet remained under him. (Brand and Norman 2004) What then is the strength of this polity? The elders’ authority is not based by their appointment from above, but by the people who recognized his leadership, moral standing, i. e. he was deemed worthy of leading by the people around him. This should bring a worthy and capable leader for the congregation. One who they know would be capable. The weakness I see from this model is the chance for an elder to implement an authority through autocracy. (Brand and Norman 2004) Presbytery-Led Church This chapter was written by Robert L. Reymond. The word Presbyterianism means governance by the elders. A Presbyterian church is led by a group or council of elders elected by their congregations. It is noted that when elders or overseers are elected, they will not carry out the congregation’s will but rather, rule in agreement with the Word of God, not primarily in agreement with the will of the congregation. Brand and Norman 2004, 95) Presbyterians have urged that there is evidence that the elders of local churches act together with other local congregations in the same area, forming a network like form of leadership. An example given by Reymond is the book of Acts 15:4, where the elders of Jerusalem acted under the name of â€Å"the church of Jerusalem†. This showed a connectional manner of leadership. So what is Connectionalism? It is where all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns. (dictionary. sensagent. com n. d. This makes each and every congregation reflect mutual accountability, dependency, and submission among them (Brand and Norman 2004, 95). Reymond, the author, firmly believes that Presbytery-Led church model is â€Å"the most trustworthy, just and peaceful way for the church to determine its principles, its practices and its priorities and to resolve its differences. (Brand and Norman 2004, 135) How effective is this model? It is, at most times. It provides the most trustworthy, just, and peaceful way for the church to settle or determine its principles, practices, priorities, and resolve its differences. Looking at it this way, it seems to be really effective, where fair decisions are made by discussions and arguments on the assembly held and attended by different elders of local congregations. But one must think that different people hold different views, understandings or beliefs on some issues. For example, some of the elders may or may not agree on contraceptives. Once a decision is made about an issue, those who had a different view will be forced to accept the decision made by the council. (Brand and Norman 2004) Congregation-Led Church This model was discussed by James Leo Garrett, Jr. He begins the chapter by describing what a congregational-led church is: â€Å"that form of church governance in which final human authority rests with the local or particular congregation when it gathers for decision-making. This means that decisions about membership, leadership, doctrine, worship, conduct, missions, finances, property, relationships, and the like are to be made by the gathered congregation except when such decisions have been delegated by the congregation to individual members or groups of members. (Brand and Norman 2004, 157) Simply said, unlike the Presbyterian form of polity, the Congregational-led church’s decisions were made by the whole congregation, where each member expresses their opinion on each decision-making. Democracy, this is the strength of Congregational-led form of church government. Each and every member of a local congregation can express his or her own opinion on decision-making. Although they can voice out their opinions on the decisions being made by their local congregation, these ecisions only affect their congregation, therefore may cause minor differences between local congregations, this is the weakness of this polity. (Brand and Norman 2004) Bishop-Led Church The Bishop-led church, as the name suggests, is simply a polity by which the church is under the authority of a bishop. In this chapter, Paul F. M. Zahl, Dean and President of Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry, defended this polity by presenting the readers a thorough discussion about this polity. Unlike how the other polities were presented with the use of scriptures, Zahl used old traditions and logical structure of different churches around the world. He used this information as an argument to point out the truthfulness and the bene essse of churches governed by bishops. The strength of this polity is the â€Å"One individual, one man, can do it†. Because of this, Spain became successful of promulgating Christianity among to the whole nation because one good officer is sufficient to take charge of a whole mission. (Brand and Norman 2004, 231) On the other hand, the weakness of a bishop-led church is Prelacy which means the authoritarian â€Å"personal rule† of one man. This means that the bishop, instead of performing what is written in the doctrine, becomes overpowered by his self-centered ambitions thus, in turn becomes a tyrant on governing the church. (Brand and Norman 2004, 232) Plural-Elder-Led Church This model was defended by James R. White. This model has similarities to the Presbyterian form of church polity; both have local congregations led by a group or council of elders. The difference is, the Plural-Elder-Led church is independent, unlike the Presbytery-led church where they answer to higher council of elders. James White emphasizes the importance of self-sufficiency when it comes to governing local congregations. If a church cannot function independently or has to answer to a higher power, then the offices established in that church are seen to be unfit to govern the congregation. (Brand and Norman 2004, 259) It is also similar in many ways to the single-elder-led and the congregational forms of church government, such as being independent and making decisions within the local congregations, difference is in leadership. As the name suggests, the local congregation is led by a group or council of elders. Unlike the single-elder-led church, the plural-elder-led church is led by elders of equal ranks. (Brand and Norman 2004) The strengths of this kind of polity is that it seems to be supported by events or instances were written in the Scripture, one would think it would be the right form of church government because of this. An example would be from the book of Hebrews 13:17, the verse started with the words â€Å"Obey your leaders†. The weakness I see is that, would these elders always agree with each other? How would they deal with elders who fail to uphold their duties? How about the local congregation? Don’t they any say on matters being settled by the elders? They weren’t clear about this matter. My Church My church is Grove Missionary Baptist Church which is located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The polity followed by our church is Single-Led Church since the pastor is elected by the Church body as the leader of the Church in both spiritual and administrative, and different deacons are assigned to different tasks such as financial records, cleanliness of the church, etc. For the Organizational Structure, since the current Christian Education Department serves as the foundation for teaching, Bible Study, Sunday School, Missionary Department, First Aid, Department, Usher Board, Newsletter, Media Ministry, Fitness Ministry and Deaconess Ministries. Since the department has 10 different ministries in it, it somehow hampers the development of the department and its ministries, so I would recommend they be separated into auxiliaries so that they may recruit more and further develop themselves as separate departments. I would also consider reviewing the need of the Church Council in the structure of a Baptist Church because it is open for members from other Ministries and they might not be a good fit for a Church Council Member, meaning sometimes it can get a little political. As for its form of government, Id recommend not changing into another form or polity. I believe it may only cause confusion or unnecessary changes to an already effective church. Changing the form of government won’t necessarily improve what we do or want to teach. Conclusion â€Å"Christians do not all agree on just how churches are to be governed or structured† (Brand and Norman 2004, 11) says Stanton, one of the editors, because the New Testament doesn’t specify exactly how the church should be organized or managed. Thus, each model argues and claims to be the most authentic through Biblical authenticity, citing Biblical verses and events. (Brand and Norman 2004) One thing is for certain though, the Lord clearly stated in the Scripture how He wishes His churches to be managed. First, Christ is the head of church and its supreme authority according to Colossians 1:18, and second, these local churches will be governed by elders. The Lord gave specific instructions or qualifications for someone to be an elder according to Titus 1:5-9. (Got Questions?. org n. d. ) What matters is that every church, no matter the form of church government or polity, to remain true to the Scripture. And every elder, bishop, overseer, deacons, and believer will respect and follow the Word of God and that they would always worship and praise the Lord.

Definition Essay Topics Top 15 Best Essay Topics and Ideas of 2017

Definition Essay Topics Top 15 Best Essay Topics and Ideas of 2017 Definition essay explains the meaning of a word or a concept. Its just like explaining a new concept to your friend or acquaintance, with the only difference that its being done in writing. Generally, there is nothing easier than coming up with a definition essay topic all you need to do is pick a concept and try to explain it. While attempting to define or explain a concept, you need to remember that concrete (real world) concepts are a lot easier to explain than abstract ones. Conversely, abstract notions are a lot harder to explain. If you are assigned to write a definition essay, read: How to Write a Definition Essay Here is a list of free definition topics that can be used to practice a definition  essay writing. Definition Essay Topics List 1. Define the meaning of friendship, love, hatred etc. 2. Explain what buoyancy means. 3. Define the meaning of onomatopoeia, assonance, alliteration. 4. Explain the term Thatcherism. 5. Explain the term phase as it relates to homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. 6. Define the meaning of confidentiality. 7. Define the phenomenon of convergence. 8. Define the concept of influence peddling. 9. Define the concept of culture. 10. Define the term surface tension. 11. Is killing animals humanely? 12. Are carnivorous cannibals? 13. Is acting the same as pretending? 14. Is graffiti really art? 15. Are bananas fruit? There also exists a mix of the definition and argument essay topics. You will need to argue that something should or shouldnt be defined in a certain way. The basic formula for such argument of a definition essay is: Something is/isnt something else or X is/isnt Y. While explaining a given concept you should bear in mind that your actual explanation will vary depending on the academic level you are writing at. For example, if sixth-grade students were asked to explain what friendship is, their essay would most likely start out with Friendship is when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or simply: It is when†¦ While this verbiage may be ok for a junior school, it is outrageously inappropriate to use it during college years. You need to take into account the level you are expected to perform at and make sure your writing matches those expectations, otherwise youre in trouble. Looking for the definition essay example? Here  are 2 sample definition essays written by our writers: Definition Essay Examples If you need any assistance writing your definition essay, please feel free to contact our support staff and they will guide you through the entire process, ensuring you have learned to cope with this kind of assignment effectively. Place an order to get an instant quote.

Electric cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electric cars - Essay Example The concept of electric cars is non-conventional in Ontario as those which are working on the fuel efficiency theorem in the region are dragging up with the hybrid school of thought. The Ontario manufacturer is onto the challenge of producing electric cars, which will be new to the market and require a comprehensive strategy to get accepted in the market. The need here is to bring a strong workable marketing plan in order to make the thought of the manufacturer successful in the market (Chan & Chau, 2001). This paper is focusing on the commercialization plan of the electric cars to be produced by a regional Ontario manufacturer, which is presently producing 75 cars per month and looking onto producing 200 cars per month in 2014. The plan will be asserting the strategies to make the idea successful in the market. The primary aim is to make the plan attentive to the market- a plan that can most attract the market consumers and developers. Commercialization Plan The first stage of the c ommercialization plan of electric cars is to bring a conductive demonstration of the idea of electric cars (Barnes & Brumfitt, 2001). The demonstration is to state potencies of the technology, the design and the concept to be introduced by the manufacturer in the Ontario market. After the plan is well asserted, the next stage is of execution which will endorse the plan into real means and in real outcomes (generation of market feedback). Here is how the demonstration of the plan engages the market of Ontario: Technology (Describing the Product) Electric cars are concept cars based on electro-mechanical function. The technology is derived from hybrid cars which are aimed to fuel efficiency and intake the combination of multiple fuels (gasoline or diesel) during operation (Jolly, 1997). The Canadian company is up on launching fully electric car in Ontario- a design that is a passenger car with space of 4 passengers at a time. Similarly, the design is ranging a speed range of 200 kilom etres with high economical fuel consumption capability (Rafinejad, 2007). The design is basically a zero fuel emission design as there are fuel cells placed instead of internal combustion engine to become a green fuel supply for the car. Apart from all, the three major components of the car, the fuel cells power supply unit, fly wheel power storage unit and electric motor propulsion unit further adds to the efficiency and value of the car. Such valuable components are to balance out the electro-mechanical load on the car especially at the time when the car is at the higher torque rate (Battery University, 2013). Key Success Factors The manufacturer is aiming for an electric car that is vibrant to address city driving needs. Ontario which is a busy state and where drivers are usually on moderate speeds, this electric car is going to touch the basic state driver’s requirements (Survant, 2013). The electric car will maximize to a speed capacity of two hundred kilometres as the f uel cells placed in the car are highly power driven. This makes the car a complete electric drive, meeting the basic purpose of driving in highly efficient ways. Customer attraction for car has remained important for the manufacturer and for which it is going to come up with multiple attracted color ranges. The car will appear in market with blue, red, white, sterling metallic and black exterior

Person focused clinical inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Person focused clinical inquiry - Essay Example tube", he pointed at the catheter. I promised him, his identity would remain confidential; he replied, "I don't care!" I inquired about his impression about his illness. Davy said, he is an architect, and he loves creating models, and he does this in the attic of his house. Meg added, "It was October 20, afternoon." Davy continued in a garbled speech, " I was creating a model of a building, suddenly I felt fainted, and I was not able to control my fingers, I tried to call Meg, she was in the lawn, I could not voice. Rest I don't know." Meg added, "When I heard something heavy falling, I ran to the attic only to find that Davy was slumped in the bathroom." "When I woke up in the hospital bed, I didn't know what was the day, and they told me I had a stroke." I understood he had an internal bleed in his brain, and with history of diabetes and history of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypertension, he was pretty much at risk of this kind of cerebrovascular accident. Pathophysiology: I was able to reconstruct the accident he suffered from. A bleeding inside the brain happens when a blood vessels ruptures within the brain. Davy was already a patient of hypertension on antihypertensive medication. He had diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. He was perhaps diagnosed to be having coronary artery disease (Ariesen, M.J. et al, 2003). He was on aspirin, which was held on this admission (Coller B.S., 1990). On further inquiry and with Meg's help, I could recover Davy is now dysarthric, he can understand clearly the conversation, but his expression is not clear enough to communicate in the early phases of this...1223 - 1227. Schroeder, E.B., Rosamond, W.D., Morris, D.L., Evenson, K.R., and Hinn, A.R. (2000). Determinants of Use of Emergency Medical Services in a Population With Stroke Symptoms : The Second Delay in Accessing Stroke Healthcare (DASH II) Study, Stroke; 31: p. 2591. Thrift, G.A., McNeil, J.J., Forbes, A., and Donnan, G.A. (1999), Risk Of Primary Intracerebral Haemorrhage Associated With Aspirin And Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Case-Control Study, British Medical Journal; 318: pp. 759 - 764. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998). Efficacy Of Atenolol And Captopril In Reducing Risk Of Macrovascular And Microvascular Complications In Type 2Diabetes: UKPDS 39, British Medical Journal; 317: pp.713 - 720.

Cryptography and Steganography For Secure Communication

Cryptography and Steganography For Secure Communication Combination of Cryptography and Steganography for secure communication is a tool that combines both Cryptography methods and Steganography techniques for secure communication. The application is a cross-platform tool that can be effectively hide a message inside a digital video file. In the field of data communication, security has the top priority. Cryptography is one of the technique for secure plain text messages. Cryptography makes the necessary elements for secure communication namely privacy, confidentiality, key exchange and authentication but reveals the fact that communication is happening. Steganography takes cryptography a step farther by hiding the existence of the information. Steganography plays a vital role in the data communication field in the future primarily in computer security and privacy on open systems such as internet. The figure below[1], gives different applications of Steganography. Protection against detection (Data hiding) and protection against removal (Document Marking) are two major areas Steganographic methods are used. Steganographic Data hiding algorithms allows user to hide large amounts of information within digital files like Image, audio and video files. These forms of Steganography often used in conjunction with cryptography adding layers of security. The Other major area of Steganography is document marking where the message to be inserted is used to assert copyright over a document. This can be further divided into watermarking and fingerprinting. Copyright abuse is the motivating factor in developing new document marking technologies like digital watermarking and digital fingerprinting. Digital Watermarking is a way to hide a secret or personal message to protect a products copyright or to demonstrate data integrity. Digital Fingerprinting  is an emerging technology to protect multimedia from unauthorized redistribution. It embeds a unique ID into each users copy, which can be extracted to help identify culprits when an unauthorized leak is found [2]. Neither Cryptography nor Steganography is a turnkey solution to privacy of open systems. To add multiple layers of security it is always a good practice to use both Cryptography and Steganography together. While performing Cryptography we should know two formulas ( Cipher formula, Decipher formula). Rationale: To make the communication more secure in this application we are implementing three layers of security like Steganography, Cryptography and Compression. The application first compresses the word document with secret message, and then encrypts the compressed file and uses the resulted file as the secret message to hide in the digital video file generating a Stego-object. The intended receiver de-embeds decrypts and decompresses the Stego-object respectively to get the hidden message. This paper also attempts to identify the requirements of a good Steganographic algorithm and briefly reflects on different types of steganalysis techniques.The application uses Tiny encryption algorithm and Discrete Cosine Transformation-Least significant bit algorithm for implementing Cryptography and Steganography respectively. The outcome of this project is to create a cross-platform tool that can effectively hide a message (i.e. Word document) inside a digital video file. It is concerned with embeddin g information in a secure and robust manner. REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE Background to subject of study: The idea of building this tool is to make the communication is such a way that no one can detect the message inside the stego-object. Earlier we have tools for different tools for Steganography and Cryptography. In this tool we are implementing three layers of security (Steganography, Cryptography and Compression) so that the communication can be more secure and all can be done in a single tool instead of using three different tools. Steganography has came into usage in 1990s and it is still using in many ways by Governments, Private citizens, Business and Terrorist organizations for communication to share information and passwords. Cryptography came into consideration in 18th century. The goal of cryptography is to make it possible for two communication entities to exchange a message in such a way that no third party can understand the message. Cryptography has been implementing from many days, in the World war Germany and USA. They have used it in sharing messages and implemented machines to implement cryptography. Examples and critique of current research in the field: There are many tools that are implementing Steganography now a days. The SARC (Steganography Analysis and Research Center has implemented three tools in steganography like Steganography Analyzer Artifact Scanner, Steganography Analyzer Signature Scanner and Steganography Analyzer Real-Time Scanner. The Steganography Analyzer Artifact Scanner detect files and registry entries associated with steganography applications where as Steganography Analyzer Signature Scanner detect files containing steganography and extract the hidden information and the Steganography Analyzer Real-Time Scanner detect steganography artifacts and signatures in real-time over a network. S-Tool is also one of the steganography tool that is using now a days. Its free to download and hides the data in an image or sound file. It compresses the data before encrypting and hides it in a image file or audio file. PILOT RESEARCH STUDY Hypothesis: As sending the message will be easy for unauthorized persons to detect the information in the situations like passwords sharing and confidential information sharing. So for that we have methods that can make the information secure. By using Steganography and Cryptography techniques we can share the information more securely by hiding the information in other files. Even though we have some risks that are involved in these techniques we can be rectified to certain extend by using this tool. Research method: This application is implemented for secure transmission of data. In this application we have three layers of security like compression, Cryptography and Steganography. We are using different type of algorithms in Cryptography and Steganography so that the hackers cannot identify which algorithm is supposed to be used. In secret key Cryptography several algorithms are in operation like Data Encryption Standard (DES), Rivest Chipers (aka Rons Code), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Blowfish and CAST-128/256. In public key Cryptography we have Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC), ElGamal, Digital signature Algorithm (DSA), Diffie-Hellman and RSA algorithms mostly isong now a days. In hash function in Cryptography Hash of variable length(HAVAL), Tiger, RIPEMD, Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) and Message Digest Algorith(MD) are in use. Tiny Encryption Algorithm is also one of the Feistel Cipher encryption algorithm that was designed in 1994 is used in Cryptography that uses mixed orthogonal algebraic groups like ADD, SHIFT and XOR. In steganography we are using different Steganographic methods for hiding information into a video file like LSB (Discrete Cosine Transformation-List Significant Bit Encoding). Each frame in a video file holds a piece of secret message. Cryptography use cipher algorithm for encryption and decryption of data. In the previous decades they were used ciphers like Scytale Transportation Cipher, Caesar Substitution Chiper, Zodiac Chiper and Vigenere Polyalphabetic Substitution. Both Steganography and Cryptography are data security techniques, but the cryptography is implemented to data unread and Steganography in for data unseen. Steganography can use Cryptography where as Cryptography cannot use Steganography. Steganography implemented to Cryptographic data will increase in security level. Initial Results: In this application i am implementing three layers of security to make the information more secure. There are no any tools that implementing all the three layers like compression, Cryptography and Steganograpy. We have tools for steganography like S-Tool and for Cryptography. By using one tool instead of using three tools will save time and money with more security. This is the basic advantage of this application. The help document will guide in Interface. OUT LINE OF PROPOSAL Aims of the Investigation: The aim of this paper is to describe a method for integrating together cryptography and Steganography for secure communication using a Video file. The proposed system first compresses the secret message (i.e. word document) and then implements cryptographic algorithms to the compressed message. The resulted file is used as the secret message to be hidden in the digital video file. Once the video file is embedded with the secret message, it is sent to the intended receiver. The video file should be de-embedded, decrypted and decompressed to get the original secret message hence, adding three layers of security to the communication. I am going to design a good Graphical User Interface (GUI) with help notes so that anyone can understand ahout the application easily. Research Objectives: The objective of this project is to hide secret messages (e.g. Text Phrase, word document) inside other harmless messages such as Image and Video file, in a way that does not allow any third party to even detect that there is a second secret message present in it. The application implements this by combining the Steganographic methods with Cryptographic techniques (i.e. Encryption, decryption) to make the transfer more secure. It is concerned with embedding information in a secure and robust manner. The Text file will be compressed and after that the compressed file will go on with a Cryptography and Steganography. Methodologies: Modules of the Application: The application has two modes of operation i.e. Sender and Receiver. The three major modules for Sender mode of application are Compression: The application first compresses the document to be transferred Encryption: An Encryption algorithm encrypts the compressed file and the resulted file is used as secret message. Embedding: The encrypted file is hidden in the Harmless Message (video file) using corresponding Steganographic algorithm, which generates a Stego Object, which is sent to the intended recipient. The three major modules for the Receiver mode of application are De-Embedding: The Stego Object is de-embedded generating an encrypted file. Decryption: The encrypted file is decrypted using an the Encryption algorithm, and the resulted file is given to the compression module De-Compression: The application then de-compresses the document and we have the Secret message. Steganography and cryptography are closely related. Cryptography scrambles messages so they cannot be understood Whereas, Steganography will hide the message so there is no knowledge of the existence of the message [7]. Sending an encrypted message will arouse suspicion while an invisible message will not do so. The application developed in this project combines both sciences to produce better protection of the message. Even if the Steganography fails since the message is in encrypted form it is of no use for the third party, hence the information is secure. In Cryptography we have used three types of methodologies and are implemented depending on the encryption Algorithm.They are Secret key Cryptography, Public key Cryptography and hash function. These 3 methods are briefly explained below. Secret Key Cryptography: Secret key Cryptography, also known as symmetric encryption uses same key for encryption and decryption. The sender uses key to encrypt the text and sends ciphertext to the receiver. The receiver applies the same key to decrypt the message and recover the Text. K K Text Ciphertext Text E( ) D( ) K-key, E-Encryption, D-Decryption Secret key Cryptography The above figure shows the process of secret key cryptography. The biggest difficulty with this approach is the distribution of the key. Block ciphers can operate in one of the several modes. Electronic Codebook (ECB), Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), Cipher Feedback (CFB), Output Feedback (OFB) are the most important modes. Data Encryption Standard (DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), CAST-128/256, Rivest Ciphers (aka Rons Code), Blowfish are some of the Secret key cryptography algorithms [3]. Public-Key Cryptography: K1 K2 Text Ciphertext Text E( ) D( ) K-key, E-Encryption, D-Decryption Public key Cryptography Public key cryptography is a two-key cryptography system in which two keys are used in encryption and decryption for secure communication without having to share a secret key. One key is used to encrypt the text, designated the public key which can be advertised. The other key is used to decrypt the ciphertext to plaintext and is designated the private key which is never revealed to another party. This approach also called as asymmetric cryptography, because we use a pair of keys. The figure shows the process of the public cryptographic algorithms. Public key cryptography depends upon the one-way functions, which are easy to compute whereas their inverse function is relatively difficult to compute. RSA, Diffie-Hellman, Digital signature Algorithm (DSA), ElGamal, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC, are the examples of Public-key cryptography algorithms [3]. Hash Functions: Hash functions, are also called as message digests and one-way encryption. Hash function algorithms do not use a key to carry out the encryption and decryption process. Instead, the algorithm computes a fixed length hash value based upon the text that keeps both the contents and the length of the message secure. Tiny Encryption Algorithm is a Feistel cipher encryption algorithm that uses operations from mixed orthogonal algebraic groups like XOR, ADD and SHIFT. David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge University Computer Laboratory designed TEA in the year 1994. A Feistel cipher is a block cipher with a structure known as a Feistel network. In a Feistel cipher, the data been encrypted is split into two halves. The function F( ) is applied to one half using a sub key and the output of F() is XORed with the other half and the two halves are swapped. Each round function follows the same pattern except for last round. A nice feature of a Feistel cipher is that encryption and decryption are identical i.e. the sub keys used during encryption at each round are taken in reverse order while decryption [4]. The main goal of TEA is to minimize memory footprint and maximize speed. TEA is simple to implement, has less execution time, and takes minimal storage space. TEA uses a large number of iterations rather than a complicated program. Notation: Any number subscripted with h represents a Hexadecimal number e.g: 10h represents 16 in decimal values. Notations for Bitwise Shifts and Rotations: x x >> y: denotes logical right shift of x by y bits. x x >>> y: denotes right rotation of x by y bits. XOR: In computer science, an XOR is a mathematical operation that combines two bits. It returns value is TRUE if either of the two bits is TRUE, but false if both are equal. For our cryptography algorithm, we do an XOR combining two strings of bits. Say x and y are two string patterns then XOR for x and y is denoted by xà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢y [4]. Integer Addition and Subtraction: The operation of integer addition modulo 2n is denoted by and subtraction modulo 2n is denoted by. Where x, y à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€  Z2n (The value of n should be clear from the context) The key is set at 128 bits and the key schedule algorithm splits the 128-bit key K into four 32-bit blocks K = ( K[0], K[1], K[2], K[3]). The 128-bit key is enough to prevent simple search techniques being effective [4]. Encryption Routine: The Encrypt Routine given in figure [4], is written in the C language and assumes a 32-bit word size. The 128 bit key is split into four parts and is stored in K[0] k[3] and the Data is stored in v[0] and v[1]. void code(long* v, long* k) { unsigned long y=v[0],z=v[1], sum=0, /* set up */ delta=0x9e3779b9, /* a key schedule constant */ n=32 ; while (n>0) { /* basic cycle start */ sum += delta ; y += ((z>5)+k[1]) ; z += ((y>5)+k[3]) ; } /* end cycle */ v[0]=y ; v[1]=z ; } Encryption Routine for TEA The constant delta is given as delta = (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡5 -1) * 231 i.e. 9E3779B9h and is derived from the golden number ratio to ensure that the sub keys are distinct and its precise value has no cryptographic significance. TEA uses addition and subtraction as the reversible operators instead of XOR. The TEA encryption routine relies on the alternate use of XOR and ADD to provide nonlinearity. The algorithm has 32 cycles (64 rounds). TEA is short enough to write into almost any program on any computer. TEA on one implementation is three times as fast as a good software implementation of DES, which has 16 rounds. The figure shown below [4], gives an overview of two rounds i.e. one cycle of TEA. Key size: 128 bit key is split into four subkeys K = { K[0],K[1],K[2],K[3] } Block size: 64 bits Structure: Feistel Network Rounds: Variable (64 Feistel rounds (32 cycles) is recommended). . Represents Integer addition modulo Represents XOR Represents logical left shift by 4 bits Represents logical right shift by 5 bits Two Feistel Rounds (one cycle) of TEA Inputs for the Encryption routine: Plaintext P, Key K The plaintext is split into two halves as P= (Left[0],Right[0]) Output for the Encryption routine: The cipher text is C Where C=(Left[64], Right[64]). The plaintext block is split into two halves, Left[0] and Right[0] and each half is used to encrypt the other half over 64 rounds of processing then combined to produce the cipher text block. Each round i has inputs Left[i-1] and Right[i-1], derived from the previous round, as well as a sub key K[i] derived from the 128 bit overall K. The Output and the delta constant of the ith cycle of TEA are given as Left [i+1] = Left[i] F ( Right[i], K [0, 1], delta[i] ), Right [i +1] = Right[i] F ( Right[i +1], K [2, 3], delta[i] ), delta[i] = (i +1)/2 * delta, The sub keys K[i] are different from K and from each other. The Round function F contains the key addition, bitwise XOR and both left and right shift operations, and given as F(M, K[j,k], delta[i] ) = ((M > 5) K[k]) F Round function and K[i] key for the ith round Encryption Process for TEA The keys K[0] and K[1] are used in the odd rounds and the keys K[2] and K[3] are used in even rounds. The round function of TEA encryption algorithm differs slightly from a classical Feistel cipher structure where integer addition modulo-2 ³Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² is used instead of XOR as the combining operator. The above figure[4] gives an overview of the encryption process for TEA. Decryption Routine: void decode(long* v, long* k) { unsigned long n = 32, sum, y = v[0], z = v[1], delta = 0x9e3779b9 ; sum = delta /* start cycle */ while (n>0) { z = (y>5)+k[3] ; y -= (z>5)+k[1] ; sum -= delta ; } /* end cycle */ v[0] = y ; v[1] = z ; } Decryption Routine for TEA The decryption routine shown in the figure[4], is same as the encryption routine with the cipher text as input and the sub keys K[i] are used in the reverse order. Inputs for the Decryption routine: Cipher text C, Key K The cipher text is split into two halves as C= (DLeft[0],DRight[0]) Where Dleft[0]=ERight[64] and DRight[0]=Eleft[64] Output for the Decryption routine: The plain text is P, Where C=(DLeft[64], DRight[64]). F Round function and K[i] key for the ith round. Decryption Process for TEA The figure [4] gives the structure of the decryption algorithm for TEA. The intermediate value for the decryption process equals the corresponding value of the encryption process with the two halves of the value swapped. For example say the output of the nth round of the encryption process is ELeft[i] concatenated with ERight[i] then the input to the (64-i)th decryption round is DRight[i] concatenated with DLeft[i]. DCT-LSB (Discrete Cosine Transformation-List Significant Bit Encoding): DCT-LSB is a Steganographic method is a substitution algorithm used for hiding information behind Video files. Each frame in the video holds a part of the secret message. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) transforms successive 8 ÃÆ'- 8 pixel blocks of the frame into 64 DCT coefficients each. The DCT coefficients D(i, j) of an 8 ÃÆ'- 8 block of image pixels p(x, y) are given by the formula below Least Significant Bit (LSB) is a simple Steganographic method that takes the individual pixels of the frame and replaces the least significant bits with the secret message bits. It is by far the most popular of the coding techniques used. The process of LSB algorithm is shown in the figure below. Embed Extract LSB Process We can commandeer the least significant bit of 8-bit true color image to hold each bit of our secret message by simply overwriting the data that was already there. The impact of changing the least significant bit is almost imperceptible. Input: message, cover image Output: steganographic object containing message while data left to embed do get next DCT coefficient from cover file if DCT à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 and DCT à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   1 then get next bit from the Secret message replace DCT LSB with message bit end if insert DCT into steganographic object end while Embedding Process of DCT-LSB Input: steganographic object containing message Output: message, cover image while data left to extract do get next DCT coefficient from Stego object if DCT à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 and DCT à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   1 then Extract the DCT LSB bit from the object Copy to message file end if end while Extracting Process of DCT-LSB The above figures[5] gives algorithms for embedding and extracting secret information in video files using DCT-LSB algorithm respectively. DEFLATE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM DEFLATE is a no loss compressed data format that compresses data using a combination of the LZ77 algorithm and Huffman coding. Independent of CPU type, operating system, file system, and character set Compatible with widely used gzip utility Worst case 5bytes per 32Kbyte block[6]. Ethical Considerations: There are two possible ways of attacks on Steganography (Detection and Destruction) of embedded message. The properties of the file in which we are hiding information will differ when hiding message into it. The Steganalysis will find it and analyse the stego object. Steganalysis is the technique used to detect hidden messages in digital data like video or audio file steganographically[7]. Steganalysis is used to disrupt the steganographic elements to transfer by extracting, disabling or disrupting. Detection: Most Steganographic techniques involve in changing the properties of original harmless messages like Image and Video files and the detection algorithms concentrate on detecting these changes [8]. Detecting the existence of a hidden message will save time in the message elimination phase by processing only those digital files that contains hidden information. Detecting an embedded message defeats the primary goal of Steganography techniques that is concealing the very existence of a message [8]. The algorithms vary in their approaches for hiding information. Without knowing which algorithm is used and which Stego-key is used, detecting the hidden information is quite complex. Destruction or Defeating algorithms concentrate on removing the hidden messages from the Stego object [8]. Steganalysis techniques are similar to the cryptanalysis for the cryptography methods. As we have discussed previously. Harmless Message + secret message + stego-key = stega-object Some of the known attacks for the Steganography are stego-only, known cover, known message, chosen stego, and chosen message. In Cryptography there are many types of Cryptographic attacks. The attacks are done on the Cipher text. There are some of the ways to attack cipher text like Brute force attacks, Meet in the middle attack, Birthday attack and side channel attack[9]. Plan Time Table: Activity Nov 09 Dec09 Dec09 Dec09 Jan 09 Jan 09 Jan 09 Jan 09 Feb 09 Selection of topic XX analyzing XX Research XX Literature review XX introduction XX Rationale XX methodologies XX Initial results XX conclusion XX After the approval of the research proposal the project will be started. The dissertation will be preceded according to the steps that are given by the supervisor. Limitations and Scope: Steganography is an effective way to obscure data and hide sensitive information. The effectiveness of Steganography is amplified by combining it with cryptography. By using the properties of the DCT-LSB Steganography algorithm for video file and combining it with the TEA cryptography standards, we developed a method, which adds layers of security to the communication. Steganographic methods do not intended to replace cryptography but supplement it. The strength of our system resides in adding multiple layers of security. First the secret message i.e. word document to be transferred is compressed, encrypted and then embedded in a video file using Steganographic algorithm hence, adding three layers of security. The weakness of the system developed is the size of the secret file i.e. word document after compression should be less than the size of the Cover object i.e. Video file. Since we are using compression algorithm this happens only for huge documents. As future work, we intend to study more steganalytic techniques i.e. detecting whether a particular file contains any form of embedding or not. We also plan to extend our system so that it can hide digital files in other digital files, for example hiding Audio files in Videos files etc. Personal Development and Requirement: Regarding this research a brief knowledge on steganography and cryptography and the methods that are used in embedding and de-embedding file. We should also have a brief idea on encryption and decryption algorithms in cryptography. In this application we can also encrypt strings and document files. Resource reruirements: This Application will work on any Microsoft Operating systems and the hard disk should have atleast of 4 MB memory. The RAM should be 256 Mega Bytes or higher.